Creating a distressed look on bronze sculptures is a popular technique to evoke antiquity and character. Here are the most common methods used by artists and conservators:

1. Chemical Patination: Applying acids or oxidizing agents like ferric nitrate or liver of sulfur accelerates natural oxidation, producing green, blue, or black patinas. The process can be layered for depth.

2. Mechanical Distressing: Scratching, sanding, or hammering the surface mimics wear and tear. Tools like wire brushes or chisels create realistic abrasions.

3. Heat Aging: Controlled heating with a torch darkens the bronze unevenly, simulating centuries of exposure. This method is often combined with chemical treatments.

4. Burial Method: Burying the sculpture in damp soil or compost introduces organic acids and minerals, creating an irregular, time-worn texture over weeks or months.

5. Wax and Pigment Layering: Applying dark wax or pigments into crevices enhances shadows and highlights, emphasizing the distressed effect.

Each technique can be tailored to achieve unique results, blending artistry with craftsmanship for a timeless antique appearance.