Creating bronze sculptures for underwater displays presents unique artistic and technical hurdles. One major challenge is corrosion resistance—even bronze's natural durability succumbs to saltwater's relentless erosion over time. Artists must experiment with specialized patinas and protective coatings to slow degradation, often sacrificing aesthetic ideals for practicality.

Marine life interaction introduces another layer of complexity. Barnacles and corals may colonize surfaces unpredictably, altering the artwork's appearance and potentially accelerating structural damage. Sculptors must anticipate how organic growth will interact with their designs, sometimes incorporating it as an evolving element.

Installation logistics prove equally daunting. Precise placement requires coordination with divers and marine engineers, while strong currents demand unusually heavy bases. Maintenance becomes nearly impossible in deep installations, forcing artists to create works meant to transform or deteriorate gracefully.

Perhaps most challenging is achieving visual impact underwater. Light behaves differently beneath the surface, flattening details and altering color perception. Successful underwater sculptors master this optical environment, often exaggerating textures and forms that would appear unnatural on land. These combined factors make underwater bronze sculpture a rare and remarkable fusion of art, marine science, and engineering.