Creating bronze sculptures with a weathered or antique appearance involves a blend of artistry and chemistry. Artists use patination, a process where chemicals like ferric nitrate or cupric nitrate are applied to the bronze surface to induce controlled oxidation. This reaction produces vibrant greens, deep browns, or muted blacks, mimicking centuries of natural aging.

Another technique is manual distressing, where artists use tools to scratch, dent, or texture the surface before applying patinas. Some even bury sculptures in compost or expose them to saltwater to accelerate corrosion organically.

Modern methods include layered wax finishes over patinas to enhance depth, while traditionalists might employ fire to create unique crackling effects. The result? Timeless pieces that tell visual stories through their intentional "flaws" and rich, aged hues.