Crafting a distressed or antique finish on bronze sculptures involves a blend of artistic techniques and chemical processes to mimic the natural aging of metal. Here are the most common methods used by artists and restorers:

1. Chemical Patinas: Applying acids or oxidizing solutions like ferric nitrate or cupric nitrate creates controlled corrosion, producing green, blue, or black hues. These chemical reactions accelerate the natural tarnishing process.

2. Liver of Sulfur Treatment: This potassium sulfide compound darkens bronze quickly, yielding deep brown or black tones. Diluted solutions allow for gradual layering of color.

3. Vinegar or Salt Aging: A DIY approach involves spraying bronze with vinegar or saltwater to induce oxidation. Over time, this mimics the look of weathered outdoor sculptures.

4. Manual Distressing: Artists use sandpaper, steel wool, or chisels to scratch and wear down surfaces, simulating decades of erosion. Highlights are often polished to contrast with darkened recesses.

5. Wax or Lacquer Sealing: After aging, a protective coat of wax or lacquer preserves the finish while adding depth. Dark wax can enhance crevices for an antique effect.

Each technique offers unique results, allowing artists to customize the level of aging—from subtle vintage charm to heavily weathered relics. Experimentation is key to achieving authenticity.