Bronze sculptures are timeless works of art, but oxide inclusions can compromise their beauty and structural integrity. To prevent this issue, artists and conservators employ several proven techniques.

1. Proper Alloy Selection: Using high-quality bronze alloys with minimal impurities reduces the risk of oxidation. Alloys with added silicon or aluminum often exhibit better resistance to oxide formation.

2. Controlled Casting Environment: Maintaining a clean, oxygen-free casting environment is crucial. Inert gases like argon can shield molten bronze from airborne contaminants during pouring.

3. Flux Application: Applying specialized fluxes during melting helps remove oxides and impurities from the molten metal before casting. Borax-based fluxes are particularly effective for bronze.

4. Post-Casting Treatments: After casting, chemical patinas or protective wax coatings create a barrier against environmental oxidation. Regular maintenance with microcrystalline wax preserves the surface.

5. Storage Conditions: Storing sculptures in climate-controlled environments with stable humidity levels prevents accelerated oxidation. Avoid exposure to salt air or industrial pollutants.

By combining these methods, artists can significantly reduce oxide inclusions, ensuring bronze sculptures remain pristine for generations. Advanced techniques like electrolytic reduction may also help restore already-oxidized pieces.