Bronze sculpture has played a pivotal role in art history, with several movements leaving an indelible mark on artistic expression. Among the most influential is ancient Greek bronze sculpture (8th–1st century BCE), where artists like Polykleitos perfected human anatomy representation in works such as the Doryphoros. The Renaissance (14th–17th century) revived classical techniques, with Donatello's David showcasing new levels of emotional depth and technical mastery.

The Baroque period (17th century) introduced dramatic movement and theatricality, exemplified by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's dynamic compositions. In the 19th century, Auguste Rodin revolutionized bronze sculpture with impressionistic surfaces and psychological intensity in works like The Thinker. Modernist movements later abstracted form while maintaining bronze's expressive potential.

Each movement advanced technical methods—from lost-wax casting refinements to experimental patinas—while reflecting their era's cultural values. These bronze traditions continue influencing contemporary sculptors, proving the medium's enduring artistic significance across millennia.