Restoring centuries-old bronze sculptures is a delicate and complex process, often fraught with unique challenges. One of the most common issues is the preservation of the patina—the natural or artificial surface layer that develops over time. While patina adds historical and aesthetic value, improper cleaning or over-polishing can irreversibly damage it.

Another significant challenge is metal corrosion, particularly bronze disease, a destructive form of chloride-induced decay. Conservators must carefully remove corrosive elements without harming the original material. Structural instability is also a concern, as aging bronze can develop cracks, fractures, or weakened joints due to environmental stress or past repairs.

Additionally, previous restoration attempts may have used incompatible materials or techniques, complicating current efforts. Finally, environmental factors like humidity, pollution, and temperature fluctuations require ongoing monitoring to prevent further deterioration. Successful restoration demands a balance between preserving historical integrity and ensuring the sculpture’s longevity.