Bronze sculptures are timeless works of art, but poor casting techniques can lead to significant failures over time. One of the most frequent issues is porosity, where trapped gases create tiny holes in the metal, weakening its structure. Shrinkage defects also occur when molten bronze cools unevenly, causing cracks or distortions. Improper mold preparation, such as using low-quality materials or incorrect venting, can result in incomplete fills or surface imperfections. Additionally, contamination from impurities in the alloy or mold can cause brittleness or discoloration. Finally, inadequate gating systems may lead to uneven metal flow, creating weak spots. Understanding these common casting flaws helps artists and conservators preserve bronze sculptures for generations.