Creating a uniform patina across large bronze surfaces is a meticulous process that combines artistry, chemistry, and craftsmanship. Artists begin by thoroughly cleaning the bronze to remove any oils, dirt, or oxidation that could interfere with the patina's adhesion. This often involves sandblasting or chemical degreasing.

Next, the surface is heated evenly using torches or kilns to prepare it for chemical reactions. Artists then apply patina solutions—typically mixtures of acids, salts, and metal compounds—with brushes, sprays, or sponges. The choice of chemicals (e.g., cupric nitrate for greens or ferric nitrate for browns) determines the final color.

To ensure uniformity, the solution is applied in thin, controlled layers, with heat often used to accelerate oxidation. Large pieces may require sectional treatment, blending edges seamlessly. Finally, a protective wax or lacquer is applied to preserve the patina and enhance its luster. Mastery lies in balancing chemical precision with artistic intuition.