The use of human and animal figures in bronze sculpture has long been a subject of ethical debate among artists, critics, and audiences. As bronze casting involves a complex process that often requires direct interaction with living subjects or their representations, artists must carefully consider the moral implications of their work.

Many contemporary sculptors address these concerns by adopting transparent practices. Some obtain explicit consent from human models, while others use symbolic or abstracted forms to represent living beings without direct replication. For animal figures, ethical artists often work from photographs or observations rather than posing live animals, and some choose to depict endangered species to raise awareness about conservation.

The permanence of bronze adds another layer of ethical consideration. Unlike temporary mediums, bronze sculptures endure for centuries, forcing artists to contemplate the long-term implications of their representations. Some address this by creating works that challenge viewers' perceptions of humanity and animality, while others use patinas and textures to suggest the passage of time and mortality.

Institutional guidelines have emerged to help navigate these issues, with many foundries and galleries establishing ethical review processes. However, the ultimate responsibility lies with individual artists to balance creative freedom with respect for their subjects. As public awareness grows, the bronze sculpture community continues to develop best practices that honor both artistic vision and ethical responsibility.