The authentication of bronze sculptures has evolved significantly over time, with historical and contemporary methods reflecting the technological and artistic knowledge of their respective eras. Historically, authentication relied heavily on connoisseurship—trained experts examining craftsmanship, patina, and stylistic details to determine authenticity. Techniques such as visual inspection, provenance research, and comparisons with documented works were primary tools.

In contrast, contemporary authentication leverages advanced scientific methods. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and spectroscopy analyze metal composition, while radiocarbon dating and thermoluminescence testing verify age. Digital imaging and 3D scanning detect inconsistencies in casting techniques or repairs. Additionally, databases and blockchain technology now aid in tracking provenance securely.

While historical methods emphasized subjective expertise, modern approaches combine empirical data with traditional analysis, offering a more comprehensive verification process. This shift highlights the intersection of art and science in preserving cultural heritage.