Bronze sculpture has witnessed remarkable technical and artistic evolution across several pivotal historical periods. The Bronze Age (3300–1200 BCE) marked the earliest breakthroughs, with civilizations like Mesopotamia and China mastering lost-wax casting to create intricate ritual objects and figurines. Ancient Greece (8th–1st century BCE) elevated bronze work through hollow casting and anatomical precision, producing iconic works like the Riace Warriors.

The Renaissance (14th–17th century) revived classical techniques while introducing new alloys and finishing methods, seen in masterpieces like Donatello's David. China's Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600–256 BCE) developed advanced piece-mold casting for elaborate ceremonial vessels. The Industrial Revolution later mechanized production but also inspired artistic counter-movements that preserved traditional craftsmanship. Each period contributed distinct innovations in metal composition, casting complexity, and surface treatments that collectively shaped bronze sculpture's enduring legacy.