Bronze sculptures, while durable, are susceptible to deterioration over time due to various factors. One of the primary causes is environmental exposure. Rain, humidity, and pollutants can accelerate corrosion, leading to surface pitting and structural weakness. Saltwater environments are particularly harsh, causing rapid oxidation and green patina formation, which, if unchecked, can erode details.

Another common issue is improper maintenance. Cleaning bronze with abrasive materials or harsh chemicals can strip protective patinas, exposing the metal to further damage. Conversely, neglecting regular cleaning allows dirt and organic matter to accumulate, trapping moisture and promoting corrosion.

Thermal stress also plays a role. Frequent temperature fluctuations cause bronze to expand and contract, leading to cracks or warping, especially in thinner sections. Poor casting techniques or internal flaws from the sculpture’s creation can exacerbate this problem.

Biological factors, such as lichen or bird droppings, introduce acids that etch the surface. Additionally, physical impacts or vandalism can chip or deform the artwork.

To mitigate these issues, protective coatings, controlled environments, and gentle cleaning methods are essential. Understanding these causes helps preserve bronze sculptures for future generations.