Bronze sculptures from the Middle Ages and modern times showcase striking differences in craftsmanship, reflecting the evolution of techniques, tools, and artistic philosophies. Medieval bronze works, often created for religious or commemorative purposes, were typically cast using the lost-wax method but with limited precision due to primitive furnaces and manual tools. Artisans prioritized symbolic representation over anatomical accuracy, resulting in stylized figures with exaggerated features.

In contrast, modern bronze sculptures benefit from advanced metallurgy, electric furnaces, and digital modeling, enabling intricate details and lifelike proportions. Contemporary artists experiment with abstract forms and mixed media, pushing boundaries beyond traditional figurative work. While medieval pieces relied on communal workshop production, modern sculptures often bear the distinct signature of individual creators. The patina treatments also differ—medieval works developed natural weathering over centuries, whereas modern artists chemically induce varied finishes. These contrasts highlight how technological progress and shifting cultural values transformed bronze artistry across eras.