Bronze sculpture has evolved dramatically from classical to modernist traditions, reflecting shifts in artistic philosophy and technical execution. Classical bronze sculpture, rooted in ancient Greek and Roman traditions, emphasizes realism, anatomical precision, and idealized forms. Techniques like lost-wax casting were meticulously refined to achieve lifelike detail, often for commemorative or religious purposes.

In contrast, modernist bronze sculpture, emerging in the late 19th and 20th centuries, prioritizes abstraction, experimentation, and emotional expression. Artists like Brancusi and Giacometti abandoned traditional proportions, embracing fragmented or exaggerated forms. Modernist techniques often incorporate rough textures, welded elements, and unconventional patinas, challenging classical notions of beauty.

Material innovation also distinguishes the two: classical sculptors relied on pure bronze, while modernists frequently mixed metals or incorporated found objects. The modernist approach also favors spontaneity, with visible tool marks and unfinished surfaces celebrated as part of the artistic statement.

Ultimately, classical bronze sculpture seeks harmony and permanence, while modernist works embrace imperfection and conceptual depth, marking a profound shift in artistic intent and technical execution.