Bronze sculpture techniques have evolved significantly since the Renaissance, reflecting changes in technology, materials, and artistic priorities. Renaissance sculptors relied heavily on the lost-wax casting method, a meticulous process involving wax models, clay molds, and molten bronze. Artists like Donatello and Ghiberti perfected this technique, creating intricate details through hand-chasing and patination.

In contrast, modern bronze sculptors often combine traditional methods with contemporary tools like 3D modeling and digital fabrication. While the lost-wax process remains foundational, today’s artists experiment with alternative alloys, faster casting techniques, and industrial finishes. Renaissance works emphasized idealized human forms and religious themes, whereas modern pieces frequently explore abstract concepts and mixed media.

Material purity also differs—Renaissance bronzes used higher copper content for durability, while modern alloys may incorporate silicon or aluminum for varied effects. Despite these advancements, the Renaissance legacy endures in the emphasis on craftsmanship and anatomical precision, bridging centuries of artistic innovation.