Creating a matte or glossy patina on metal surfaces involves distinct techniques that yield contrasting aesthetic results. For a matte patina, common methods include chemical oxidation with ferric nitrate or liver of sulfur, which produces a subdued, textured finish. Abrasive techniques like sandblasting or wire brushing also create matte effects by scattering light unevenly across the surface.

In contrast, glossy patinas rely on polishing and sealing. Buffing with progressively finer abrasives (up to 2000-grit) followed by wax or lacquer application creates reflective surfaces. Electroplating with clear coats or using chemical brighteners like nitric acid solutions can enhance shine. Some artisans achieve glossy effects through controlled torch heating, which redistributes surface metals into smoother configurations.

The choice between techniques depends on material (copper vs. steel), desired durability, and artistic intent. Matte finishes better conceal wear while glossy surfaces require more maintenance but offer deeper visual richness. Many craftsmen combine both approaches, using matte backgrounds with glossy highlights for dimensional effects.