The evolution of metal sculpture spans millennia, reflecting humanity's artistic and technological progress. One of the earliest milestones was the development of bronze casting in ancient Mesopotamia and China around 3000 BCE, producing intricate ritual objects and figurines. The Classical Greek era (5th century BCE) saw masterpieces like the Riace Bronzes, demonstrating advanced lost-wax techniques.

During the Middle Ages, iron became prominent in architectural elements and religious art, with Gothic cathedrals featuring elaborate metalwork. The Renaissance brought renewed interest in bronze, with artists like Donatello creating lifelike statues. The Industrial Revolution introduced new materials and methods, enabling large-scale works like the Statue of Liberty (1886), showcasing repoussé copper work.

The 20th century witnessed radical innovations with Picasso's welded steel constructions (1912) and David Smith's abstract expressionist works. Contemporary artists now employ cutting-edge technologies like laser cutting and 3D printing, pushing metal sculpture into new dimensions. Each era's breakthroughs continue influencing today's metal artists, making this medium one of art history's most dynamic narratives.