Stone sculpture has been a cornerstone of artistic expression for millennia, with figurative and non-figurative styles representing two distinct approaches. Figurative stone sculpture focuses on recognizable forms, often depicting humans, animals, or objects with lifelike precision. Artists working in this tradition prioritize anatomical accuracy, proportion, and narrative elements, using techniques like relief carving or three-dimensional modeling to create representational works.

In contrast, non-figurative stone sculpture embraces abstraction, rejecting literal representation in favor of pure form, texture, and emotional resonance. These works might explore geometric shapes, organic contours, or experimental surface treatments, emphasizing the materiality of stone itself. The creative process often involves direct carving, where the artist responds to the stone's natural qualities rather than imposing a predetermined design.

The key differences extend beyond appearance to artistic philosophy. Figurative sculpture typically serves commemorative, religious, or storytelling purposes, while non-figurative works often prioritize conceptual exploration or sensory experience. Material choices also vary, with figurative sculptors frequently selecting fine-grained stones for detail work, whereas abstract artists might celebrate the raw character of rugged materials. Both traditions continue to evolve, demonstrating stone's enduring versatility as an artistic medium.