Stone sculpture has evolved dramatically over centuries, with traditional and avant-garde styles representing two distinct artistic approaches. Traditional stone sculpture is deeply rooted in classical techniques, often emphasizing realism, symmetry, and historical or religious themes. Artists typically use hand tools like chisels and mallets, focusing on precision and craftsmanship. Materials such as marble, granite, and limestone are favored for their durability and aesthetic appeal.

In contrast, avant-garde stone sculpture breaks conventional norms, prioritizing abstraction, experimentation, and conceptual depth. Modern sculptors may employ power tools, 3D modeling, or even unconventional materials to challenge perceptions. The focus shifts from technical perfection to emotional impact, often incorporating fragmented forms, asymmetry, and bold textures. Themes are frequently contemporary, addressing social, political, or personal narratives.

While traditional sculpture honors heritage and skill, avant-garde works push boundaries, inviting viewers to engage with art in new ways. Both styles, however, share a profound connection to the raw beauty of stone as a medium.