Wood carvers achieve strikingly different finishes—glossy or matte—on their sculptures through careful material selection, sanding techniques, and finishing products. For a high-gloss shine, artisans progressively sand the wood with increasingly fine grit sandpaper (up to 2000 grit), then apply multiple coats of oil-based varnish or polyurethane, buffing between layers. Some use automotive polishing compounds for mirror-like results. Matte finishes require stopping at coarser sandpaper (around 400 grit) and using waxes or matte varnishes that diffuse light rather than reflect it. Water-based finishes typically create less sheen than oil-based alternatives. The wood's density also affects results, with hardwoods like maple accepting glossy finishes better than porous woods. Many carvers combine techniques, creating contrast between polished focal points and matte background areas for dramatic effect. Proper surface preparation remains crucial for both finishes—any imperfections show more prominently under glossy coatings. Some contemporary artists even use burnishing techniques with smooth stones or bone tools to achieve unique satin-like textures without chemical finishes.