Wood carving is a universal art form, yet its styles and themes vary dramatically across cultures and regions, reflecting local traditions, beliefs, and environments. In Africa, wood carvings often feature bold, abstract forms inspired by tribal spirituality, with masks and statues serving ceremonial purposes. Asian carvings, particularly in China and Japan, emphasize precision and symbolism, incorporating nature motifs like dragons and cherry blossoms to convey harmony and prosperity.

European wood carvings, especially in Gothic and Baroque traditions, showcase religious and historical narratives, with intricate details adorning churches and furniture. In contrast, Indigenous cultures in the Americas use carvings to tell ancestral stories, often blending functionality with artistry in totem poles and canoes.

Regional materials also play a role: hardwoods like teak dominate in Southeast Asia, while softer pines are preferred in Scandinavia. These differences highlight how wood carvings are not just art but cultural artifacts, preserving the identity and values of their creators.