Wood carvers masterfully create depth and perspective in relief carvings on flat surfaces through a combination of techniques and artistic vision. By varying the depth of cuts, they simulate three-dimensional effects, with deeper cuts appearing closer and shallower ones receding into the background. Tools like chisels, gouges, and knives allow precise control over texture and shadow, enhancing the illusion of depth. Overlapping elements and strategic shading further amplify perspective, while careful attention to proportions ensures realism. From low to high relief, each style demands unique approaches to transform flat wood into dynamic, lifelike art.