Relief carving and full-round carving are two distinct sculptural techniques, each offering unique artistic possibilities. Relief carving involves carving figures or designs into a flat surface, with the artwork projecting slightly (low relief) or prominently (high relief) from the background. This technique creates a dimensional effect while maintaining connection to the original material plane, making it ideal for architectural ornamentation, decorative panels, and coin designs.

Full-round carving, by contrast, creates completely three-dimensional sculptures that can be viewed from all angles. This technique requires artists to consider every perspective during the carving process, resulting in freestanding works with greater physical depth. Michelangelo's David exemplifies the mastery possible with full-round carving.

The technical differences are significant. Relief carving allows for shallower depth cuts and often uses the background as part of the composition. Full-round carving demands complete material removal around the subject and requires more advanced spatial planning. Relief works typically need less material and can be mounted on walls, while full-round sculptures require stable bases and more workspace.

In terms of appeal, relief carving offers subtle play of light and shadow across its surfaces, creating dramatic effects with relatively simple execution. Full-round carving provides immersive viewing experiences but requires greater technical skill to achieve proper proportions from all angles. Many artists begin with relief carving before attempting full-round works due to its forgiving nature.

Both techniques continue to thrive in contemporary art, with relief carving popular for decorative applications and full-round carving preferred for monumental works and figurative sculptures. The choice between them depends on the desired artistic effect, available materials, and the sculptor's technical proficiency.