Outdoor wood sculptures require durable finishes to withstand harsh weather conditions while preserving their aesthetic appeal. The most common types of wood carving finishes for outdoor sculptures include:

1. Oil-Based Finishes: Tung oil and linseed oil penetrate deeply into the wood, providing natural protection against moisture and UV rays. These finishes enhance the wood's grain and are easy to reapply.

2. Varnishes and Polyurethane: These synthetic coatings create a hard, protective layer that resists water, sunlight, and abrasion. Spar varnish, designed for marine environments, is particularly effective for outdoor sculptures.

3. Paint: Acrylic or oil-based paints offer full coverage and vibrant colors while shielding the wood from the elements. A primer and multiple coats ensure long-lasting protection.

4. Wood Stains: Stains with added UV inhibitors protect against sun damage while highlighting the wood's texture. Semi-transparent stains allow the grain to show through.

5. Wax Finishes: Beeswax or carnauba wax provides a subtle sheen and moisture resistance but requires frequent reapplication for outdoor use.

Choosing the right finish depends on the sculpture's location, desired appearance, and maintenance preferences. Regular upkeep ensures longevity and preserves the artwork's beauty.