Totem poles are iconic symbols of Indigenous cultures, particularly among the Northwest Coast tribes of North America. These towering wooden sculptures are crafted using a variety of wood carving techniques, each contributing to their intricate designs and cultural significance. Here are the most common methods used in creating totem poles:

1. Relief Carving – This technique involves carving figures and patterns into the surface of the wood, creating a raised design. High-relief carving allows for deeper cuts, while low-relief produces subtler textures.

2. Chip Carving – Small, precise cuts are made to create geometric patterns and fine details, often used for decorative elements like feathers or facial features.

3. Incised Carving – Shallow lines are etched into the wood to outline designs, commonly used for adding intricate details to larger carvings.

4. Sculptural Carving – A three-dimensional approach where the wood is shaped into figures, animals, or spirits, often requiring skilled craftsmanship to achieve lifelike proportions.

5. Hollowing & Gouging – Used to create depth and hollow spaces within the totem pole, this technique enhances the visual impact of the carvings.

Traditional tools like adzes, chisels, and knives are often employed, though modern carvers may also use power tools for efficiency. Each technique preserves the storytelling and spiritual essence of totem poles, making them enduring works of art.