The moisture content of wood plays a critical role in both the carving process and the longevity of the finished sculpture. Freshly cut or improperly dried wood contains high moisture levels, making it softer and easier to carve initially. However, as the wood dries unevenly, it can warp, crack, or split, ruining intricate details and structural integrity.

For optimal results, wood should be dried to an equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of 8-12% before carving. This reduces internal stresses, minimizes post-carving movement, and ensures long-term stability. Kiln-dried or air-dried hardwoods like oak, walnut, or cherry are preferred for their predictable behavior.

Excess moisture also promotes fungal growth and insect damage over time, while overly dry wood becomes brittle and difficult to work with sharp tools. Professional carvers often use moisture meters to verify levels before starting projects. Proper sealing with oils or waxes after carving further protects against moisture exchange with the environment.

By understanding and controlling wood moisture, artists can create durable sculptures that withstand decades without cracking or distortion, preserving both artistic vision and material value.