Artists employ underglazes and overglazes in ceramic sculptures to achieve intricate layered visual effects, blending color, texture, and depth. Underglazes, applied before the first firing, provide a base layer of vibrant hues that bond with the clay body. These pigments remain stable under high temperatures, allowing artists to build detailed designs. Overglazes, added after the initial glaze firing, introduce metallic lusters, translucent washes, or delicate accents, enhancing dimensionality. By strategically layering these mediums, sculptors create dynamic contrasts—opaque underglazes grounding the composition, while glossy overglazes add reflective highlights. Techniques like sgraffito (scratching through layers) or masking further refine the interplay of colors and finishes. This meticulous process transforms clay into multidimensional art, where light interacts with each stratum to reveal hidden complexity.