Bronze disease, a destructive form of corrosion caused by chloride contamination, poses a significant threat to antique sculptures. Restoration experts employ a multi-step approach to address this issue, combining scientific analysis with meticulous hands-on techniques.

The process begins with thorough examination using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or Raman spectroscopy to identify the extent of corrosion. Experts then carefully clean affected areas using micro-abrasion or laser technology to remove harmful chlorides without damaging the original patina.

For stabilization, specialists often apply benzotriazole (BTA) solutions, which form protective copper complexes on the metal surface. In severe cases, electrolytic reduction may be used to convert corrosive compounds back to metallic copper.

Preventive measures are equally crucial. Conservators maintain stable environments (40-45% relative humidity) and use corrosion inhibitors like Incralac coatings. Regular monitoring with chloride test strips helps detect early signs of recurrence.

Modern restoration philosophy emphasizes minimal intervention, preserving as much original material as possible while ensuring long-term stability. This delicate balance between conservation and restoration requires both scientific expertise and artistic sensitivity, safeguarding these cultural treasures for future generations.