Outdoor bronze sculptures are prized for their beauty and durability, but they are vulnerable to corrosion from environmental factors. Moisture is a primary culprit, as prolonged exposure to rain, humidity, or dew encourages oxidation, leading to the formation of a green patina. While patina can protect the metal, excessive moisture may cause pitting and structural weakening.

Air pollution, particularly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from industrial emissions or vehicle exhaust, reacts with bronze to form corrosive compounds like sulfates and nitrates. Coastal areas pose another threat due to salt spray, which accelerates electrochemical corrosion.

Temperature fluctuations also play a role—repeated freezing and thawing can crack protective coatings, exposing the metal to further damage. Biological factors, such as bird droppings or lichen growth, introduce acidic compounds that etch the surface.

To mitigate these effects, regular cleaning, protective wax coatings, and strategic placement away from pollution sources can help preserve bronze sculptures for generations. Understanding these environmental risks is essential for artists, collectors, and conservators aiming to maintain outdoor bronze art.