Bronze casting is a meticulous art form that demands precision, especially when sculptors aim to create undercuts and complex geometries. The process begins with the lost-wax technique, where an initial clay or wax model is crafted with intricate details. Sculptors use specialized tools to carve undercuts—areas where the material curves inward or overlaps—ensuring the mold can capture these challenging features.

Once the wax model is perfected, it is coated in a ceramic shell and heated, melting the wax away to leave a hollow mold. Molten bronze is then poured into this cavity, filling every crevice. After cooling, the ceramic shell is broken away, revealing the raw bronze sculpture. Artisans often refine the piece further by chiseling and polishing to enhance fine details.

Modern sculptors may also employ 3D printing or digital modeling to design complex geometries before casting, pushing the boundaries of traditional bronze artistry. Through patience and skill, these artists transform molten metal into breathtaking works with depth and dimension.