Artists employ a variety of techniques to create textures and patterns on stone surfaces, transforming raw material into intricate works of art. One common method is carving, where chisels, hammers, and specialized tools are used to remove layers of stone, revealing designs through precise cuts and grooves. Engraving is another popular approach, involving fine lines etched into the surface with pointed tools or even modern laser technology.

For softer stones like limestone or soapstone, artists may use abrasives or sandblasting to achieve smoother textures or gradients. Stippling—creating patterns with small dots—adds depth and dimension, while relief carving elevates certain areas to produce 3D effects. Some artists also incorporate natural elements like acid washes or weathering to enhance organic textures.

Innovative methods include combining traditional hand tools with power tools for efficiency or using molds to imprint patterns onto softer stones. The choice of technique depends on the stone type, desired outcome, and the artist’s vision, resulting in unique, tactile masterpieces that captivate viewers.