Stone sculptures have been a cornerstone of artistic expression for millennia, with bas-relief and full-round sculptures representing two distinct approaches. Bas-relief, or low relief, involves carving designs that project slightly from a flat background, creating a subtle three-dimensional effect. This technique is commonly seen on walls, monuments, and coins where space is limited but narrative detail is important.

In contrast, full-round sculptures are completely three-dimensional works meant to be viewed from all angles. These freestanding pieces require more material and space, allowing for greater depth and realism in the portrayal of subjects. Michelangelo's David exemplifies the mastery possible in full-round sculpture.

The key differences lie in their dimensionality and viewing requirements. Bas-relief maintains a connection to its background surface, while full-round sculptures exist independently in space. Bas-relief often tells stories through sequential imagery, whereas full-round works typically focus on presenting a single, complete form.

Artists choose between these forms based on intended display location, available materials, and desired artistic impact. Bas-relief works well for architectural integration, while full-round sculptures make powerful standalone statements. Both techniques continue to inspire modern artists while preserving ancient traditions of stone craftsmanship.