The preservation of stone sculptures has evolved significantly over time, with modern conservation techniques offering a stark contrast to historical methods. Historically, restorations often involved invasive procedures, such as harsh chemical cleaning or overpainting, which sometimes caused irreversible damage. In contrast, contemporary approaches prioritize minimal intervention, using advanced technologies like laser cleaning, 3D scanning, and non-invasive chemical treatments to stabilize and protect sculptures without altering their original state.

Modern conservation also emphasizes scientific analysis, employing tools like X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy to assess material composition and degradation patterns. This data-driven approach ensures precise and tailored treatments. Additionally, today’s conservators adhere to strict ethical guidelines, focusing on reversibility and long-term sustainability, whereas historical methods often prioritized aesthetic restoration over authenticity.

Environmental control is another critical advancement. Modern museums and storage facilities use climate-controlled environments to prevent deterioration from humidity and temperature fluctuations, a luxury unavailable in the past. These innovations reflect a deeper understanding of material science and a commitment to preserving cultural heritage for future generations.