Stone sculpture is an ancient art form that requires precision, creativity, and a deep understanding of structural integrations. The most common techniques include:

1. Carving – The subtractive process of removing material to reveal the desired form. Tools like chisels, hammers, and rasps are used to shape the stone.

2. Modeling – Adding or shaping material (though less common in stone, it can involve combining stones with adhesives or supports).

3. Abrasion – Smoothing surfaces using sandpaper, grinding tools, or polishing compounds for a refined finish.

4. Drilling & Piercing – Creating holes or intricate patterns to enhance structural lightness and detail.

5. Assembly – Combining multiple stone pieces with mortise-and-tenon joints or metal supports for larger works.

Each technique ensures stability and aesthetic harmony, making stone sculpture a timeless craft. Mastery of these methods allows artists to transform raw stone into enduring masterpieces.