Wood carvings exposed to sunlight require specialized finishes to prevent UV damage, fading, and cracking. The most common protective finishes include:

1. Spar Varnish: Ideal for outdoor use, spar varnish contains UV inhibitors that block harmful rays while providing a glossy, durable layer. Marine-grade versions offer extra moisture resistance.

2. Tung Oil: A natural penetrating oil that enhances wood grain while offering moderate UV protection. Regular reapplication is needed for sustained defense.

3. Polyurethane: Available in water- and oil-based formulas, polyurethane forms a hard shield against UV rays. Matte or satin finishes reduce glare on decorative carvings.

4. Epoxy Resin: Creates a thick, crystal-clear barrier that fully blocks UV light. Best for indoor or shaded outdoor pieces due to potential yellowing in direct sunlight.

5. Acrylic Sealants: Lightweight and non-yellowing, acrylic sprays provide even coverage and are easily reapplied. Often used for delicate or painted carvings.

For optimal results, combine UV-resistant finishes with periodic maintenance. Clean carvings annually and reapply finishes every 2–3 years, depending on sun exposure. Darker stains also help absorb UV rays before they penetrate deep into the wood fibers. Always test finishes on inconspicuous areas to ensure compatibility with your carving’s wood type.