Identifying counterfeit porcelain sculptures in auctions requires a combination of expert knowledge, technical analysis, and meticulous research. Here are the most effective methods to ensure authenticity:

1. Expert Appraisal: Consult certified porcelain specialists who can assess craftsmanship, glaze quality, and stylistic details unique to specific periods or artists.

2. Material Analysis: Use scientific tools like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to verify clay composition and glaze chemistry, as counterfeit pieces often deviate from historical formulas.

3. Provenance Verification: Trace ownership history through auction records, certificates, and archives. Genuine pieces typically have well-documented lineages.

4. Microscopic Examination: Inspect under magnification for inconsistencies in brushwork, tool marks, or firing defects that indicate modern reproduction techniques.

5. Market Awareness: Stay informed about common forgery trends and high-risk auction houses to avoid manipulated listings.

By combining these strategies, collectors can significantly reduce the risk of purchasing fraudulent porcelain sculptures and protect their investments.