Bronze disease is a destructive form of corrosion that affects copper-based artifacts, particularly those made of bronze or brass. The most common cause is exposure to chlorides, which react with copper to form unstable compounds like copper chloride. Moisture and oxygen accelerate this process, leading to powdery green or blue corrosion that can rapidly degrade the object.

Other contributing factors include improper storage conditions, high humidity, and pollutants in the air. Bronze disease often starts in small pits or cracks, where chlorides become trapped and initiate cyclical corrosion. Without treatment, the damage spreads, eventually compromising the structural integrity of the artifact.

Treating bronze disease involves several steps. First, the object must be carefully cleaned to remove loose corrosion. Mechanical cleaning with fine tools or micro-abrasion is common. Next, chemical stabilization is used—often with sodium sesquicarbonate or benzotriazole (BTA)—to neutralize chlorides and halt further reaction. After treatment, the artifact should be stored in a controlled environment with low humidity to prevent recurrence.

Preventive measures include using silica gel to regulate moisture, avoiding direct handling, and applying protective coatings like wax or lacquer. For valuable artifacts, professional conservation is recommended to ensure long-term preservation. Early detection and intervention are key to saving affected objects from irreversible damage.