The longevity of a stone sculpture depends on a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. First, the type of stone used plays a critical role. Dense, hard stones like granite and basalt resist weathering better than softer stones like limestone or sandstone. The mineral composition and porosity of the stone also influence its durability.

Environmental conditions are equally important. Exposure to rain, wind, temperature fluctuations, and pollution accelerates erosion. Acid rain, for instance, can dissolve calcite in marble, while freeze-thaw cycles cause cracks in porous stones. Sculptures placed indoors or in controlled environments generally last longer.

Human intervention, both positive and negative, affects longevity. Proper maintenance, such as cleaning and sealing, can preserve a sculpture, while neglect or improper handling leads to deterioration. Additionally, the original craftsmanship—precision in carving and structural stability—determines how well the sculpture withstands time.

Finally, biological factors like lichen growth or root intrusion can weaken the stone. By understanding these factors, artists and conservators can take steps to ensure stone sculptures endure for generations.